Rheumatic Heart Valve Damage: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

What is Rheumatic Heart Valve Damage?

Rheumatic heart valve damage happens when the heart’s valves are harmed by rheumatic fever. This condition often starts after a throat infection caused by certain bacteria. Over time, the infection can lead to swelling and scarring of the heart valves. Because of this, the valves may not open or close properly. As a result, blood flow through the heart can become less efficient. Rheumatic heart valve damage is a serious health issue. It can lead to heart problems if not treated early. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of people worldwide are affected by rheumatic heart disease, especially in children and young adults.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms of rheumatic heart valve damage can vary. Sometimes, they appear years after the initial infection. However, early detection is important. Look out for these signs:

Shortness of breath, especially during activity or when lying down

Fatigue or feeling tired easily

Chest pain or discomfort

Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet

Irregular or fast heartbeat

Fainting or dizziness

Sometimes, symptoms may be mild at first. But over time, they can become worse. If you notice any of these signs, it is important to seek medical help.

Main Causes and Risk Factors

Rheumatic heart valve damage usually starts with a throat infection caused by group A streptococcus bacteria. If this infection is not treated, it can lead to rheumatic fever. Over time, rheumatic fever can harm the heart valves. There are several risk factors to consider:

Repeated or untreated strep throat infections

Poor access to medical care

Living in crowded or unsanitary conditions

Family history of rheumatic fever or heart disease

Children between 5 and 15 years old are most at risk. However, adults can also be affected. Early treatment of strep throat can help prevent heart valve damage.

How is it Diagnosed?

Doctors use several steps to diagnose rheumatic heart valve damage. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they perform a physical exam. During this exam, they may listen for unusual heart sounds. In addition, doctors may use tests such as:

Electrocardiogram (ECG): Checks the heart’s rhythm

Echocardiogram: Uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart

Chest X-ray: Shows the size and shape of the heart

Blood tests: Look for signs of infection or inflammation

These tests help doctors find out how much damage has occurred. They also guide the best treatment plan.

Treatment Options

Treatment for rheumatic heart valve damage depends on how severe the problem is. Some people need only medicine, while others may need surgery. Common treatments include:

Antibiotics: To prevent further infections

Anti-inflammatory medicines: To reduce swelling

Heart medicines: To help the heart work better

Surgery: To repair or replace damaged valves if needed

Doctors may also recommend regular check-ups. This helps monitor the heart’s health over time. Early treatment can prevent serious problems later.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

Preventing rheumatic heart valve damage starts with treating strep throat quickly. Here are some helpful tips:

See a doctor if you or your child has a sore throat with fever

Take all prescribed antibiotics, even if you feel better

Practice good hygiene, such as washing hands often

Avoid close contact with people who are sick

Follow your doctor’s advice for regular heart check-ups

Eat a healthy diet and stay active

By following these steps, you can lower your risk of heart valve damage. Early action is key to protecting your heart health.

Conclusion

“Rheumatic heart valve damage is a serious but preventable condition. With early treatment and healthy habits, you can reduce your risk. If you notice any symptoms or have concerns, consult Dr. Ketika Potey at The Kind Heart Clinic for personalized advice on rheumatic heart valve damage.”