Understanding Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is a Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)?

A Ventricular Septal Defect, or VSD, is a common heart defect in children. It means there is a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two lower chambers of the heart. Because of this hole, blood can flow from the left side of the heart to the right side. As a result, the heart works harder than normal. VSD is a type of congenital heart disease, which means it is present at birth. However, some small VSDs may close on their own as a child grows.

Common Symptoms of VSD

Many people with a small VSD may not notice any symptoms. But, larger VSDs can cause problems. For example, symptoms of VSD in babies and children may include:

Fast or heavy breathing

Poor feeding or slow weight gain

Frequent lung infections

Tiring easily during play or feeding

Blue tint to lips or skin (in severe cases)

In adults, VSD symptoms can include shortness of breath, tiredness, or swelling in the legs. However, some adults may not have symptoms until later in life.

Causes and Risk Factors of VSD

Most VSDs are present at birth. Doctors call these congenital heart defects. The exact cause is not always known. However, some factors may increase the risk, such as:

Family history of heart defects

Genetic conditions, like Down syndrome

Mother’s illness during pregnancy (such as rubella)

Use of certain medicines or alcohol during pregnancy

Although VSD is most often a birth defect, it can also happen after a heart attack in adults. But this is rare.

How is VSD Diagnosed?

Doctors can often hear a heart murmur during a check-up. This sound may suggest a VSD. Still, more tests are needed to confirm the diagnosis. Common tests include:

Echo (echocardiogram): Uses sound waves to show the heart’s structure

Chest X-ray: Shows the size and shape of the heart

Electrocardiogram (ECG): Checks the heart’s rhythm

Cardiac MRI or CT scan: Gives detailed images if needed

Because early diagnosis is important, doctors may check for VSD soon after birth if there are symptoms.

Treatment Options for VSD

Treatment for VSD depends on the size of the hole and the symptoms. In many cases, small VSDs close on their own. However, larger VSDs may need treatment. Options include:

Observation: Regular check-ups to see if the VSD closes naturally

Medicines: Help reduce symptoms like fluid buildup or high blood pressure in the lungs

Surgery: Doctors may close the hole with stitches or a patch

Catheter procedure: A thin tube is used to place a device that closes the VSD

Because each case is different, doctors will suggest the best VSD treatment options for each person. In some cities, you can find advanced VSD treatment centers for both children and adults.

Living with VSD: Lifestyle and Prevention Tips

With proper care, many people with VSD live healthy lives. Still, it is important to follow your doctor’s advice. Here are some helpful tips:

Attend all follow-up visits

Take medicines as prescribed

Watch for signs of infection or new symptoms

Eat a balanced diet and stay active, as advised

Ask your doctor about endocarditis prevention (heart infection)

Although you cannot always prevent VSD, healthy habits during pregnancy can lower the risk. For example, avoid alcohol, get vaccines, and manage chronic illnesses.

When to See a Cardiologist

If you or your child has symptoms like fast breathing, poor feeding, or tiredness, see a doctor soon. Early care can prevent problems. Also, if you have a family history of heart defects, talk to your doctor. A cardiologist can help with diagnosis, treatment, and long-term care for VSD.

In summary, Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a common heart defect in children and adults. With early diagnosis and proper treatment, most people can lead healthy lives. Consult a cardiologist at Dr. Ketika Potey’s Clinic for personalized advice about VSD.